Rebuttal & Response Letter (aeja-rebuttal)

When to trigger

• An AEJ: Applied R&R or conditional acceptance decision letter has arrived
• You need to triage referee comments into must-do / argue / defer
• You are drafting the response-to-referees document and revision plan
• A reject-and-resubmit invitation needs a strategy before re-engaging

How to read an AEJ: Applied decision

The editor's letter is the priority signal: it tells you which referee concerns are binding and which are optional. At AEJ: Applied the binding asks are almost always about design credibility (the identification, robustness, inference) before exposition. Address the editor's stated priorities first and in full; treat the referee reports as the menu the editor has already filtered. A revision is judged on whether the identification concerns are genuinely resolved, not on volume of new tables.

Response-letter structure

1. Opening summary — thank the editor/referees; state the 3–5 substantive changes that define the revision (lead with the identification/robustness changes).
2. Point-by-point — quote each comment, then respond with: what you did, where in the paper (section/table/page), and the result. Use a consistent format per point.
3. Tone — gracious, concrete, non-defensive. Concede valid points fully; where you disagree, argue with evidence, not assertion.
4. Triage discipline — every comment gets one of: done (changed + located), partially done (with reason), or respectfully declined (with an evidence-based argument). No comment is ignored.
5. Highlight the decisive evidence — if a referee doubted the design, show the new heterogeneity-robust estimate / honest-DID bound / falsification result explicitly and quote the new number with its SE.

Triage table

Referee ask	Default response
Core identification doubt (binding per editor)	do it in full; show the new estimate + SE; update the paper
Robustness/inference request	run it; report stability of the point estimate
External-validity / estimand	add a calibrated scope statement; do not overclaim
Additional outcome/subgroup	run with MHT adjustment; or argue why it is out of scope
Exposition / framing	revise; cheap to do, builds goodwill
Out-of-scope new paper	respectfully decline with a one-line reason

Checklist

• Editor's stated priorities identified and addressed first, in full
• Every referee comment answered: done / partial / declined — none ignored
• Each "done" response cites the exact section/table/page and the new result
• Decisive identification/robustness evidence quoted with numbers and SEs
• Tone gracious and concrete; disagreements argued with evidence
• Replication package updated to match the revised exhibits (aeja-replication-package)
• A short cover note to the editor summarizing how the binding concerns were resolved

Worked vignette (illustrative)

Referee 2 says the staggered-DID estimate is biased and the parallel-trends story is thin; the editor's letter flags this as the binding concern. A weak response argues that TWFE "should be fine here." The AEJ: Applied response: re-estimate with Callaway–Sant'Anna, report the new ATT of 3.1pp (s.e. 0.9, vs. 3.6pp under TWFE), add the event-study leads and a Goodman-Bacon decomposition, and run an honest-DID bound — then in the letter quote the new number, cite the exact figure/table, and note the conclusion is unchanged but now robust. The editor sees the binding concern fully resolved with evidence, not assertion.

Anti-patterns

• Answering the referees but ignoring the editor's prioritization
• Defensive or dismissive tone; arguing by assertion instead of new evidence
• Claiming a change without saying where in the paper it landed
• Adding a wall of new tables that dodges the actual identification concern
• Letting the replication package drift out of sync with the revised paper
• Silently dropping a comment you found inconvenient

Output format

【Decision type】R&R / conditional accept / reject-and-resubmit
【Editor priorities】[binding asks, in order]
【Triage】done: [...] | partial: [...] | declined (with reason): [...]
【Decisive evidence】new identification/robustness result + number(SE) + location
【Tone check】gracious, concrete, evidence-based? [Y/N]
【Package sync】replication updated to match revision? [Y/N]
【Next step】aeja-submission (resubmit) → re-enter aeja-workflow if further rounds