bio-read-qc-fastp-workflow

Version Compatibility

Reference examples tested with: FastQC 0.12+, fastp 0.23+

Before using code patterns, verify installed versions match. If versions differ:

• Python: pip show <package> then help(module.function) to check signatures
• CLI: <tool> --version then <tool> --help to confirm flags

If code throws ImportError, AttributeError, or TypeError, introspect the installed package and adapt the example to match the actual API rather than retrying.

fastp Workflow

All-in-one preprocessing tool that handles adapter trimming, quality filtering, deduplication, and report generation in a single pass.

"Preprocess FASTQ reads with fastp" → Run adapter trimming, quality filtering, and QC reporting in a single pass.

• CLI: fastp -i R1.fq -I R2.fq -o clean_R1.fq -O clean_R2.fq --html report.html

Basic Usage

Single-End

fastp -i input.fastq.gz -o output.fastq.gz

Paired-End

fastp -i R1.fastq.gz -I R2.fastq.gz -o R1_clean.fastq.gz -O R2_clean.fastq.gz

With Custom HTML/JSON Reports

fastp -i R1.fq.gz -I R2.fq.gz \
      -o R1_clean.fq.gz -O R2_clean.fq.gz \
      -h sample_report.html \
      -j sample_report.json

Adapter Trimming

fastp auto-detects Illumina adapters by default.

# Auto-detect (default)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq

# Specify adapters manually
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq \
      --adapter_sequence AGATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCA

# Paired-end with manual adapters
fastp -i R1.fq -I R2.fq -o R1.out.fq -O R2.out.fq \
      --adapter_sequence AGATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCA \
      --adapter_sequence_r2 AGATCGGAAGAGCGTCGTGTAGGGAAAGAGTGT

# Disable adapter trimming
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --disable_adapter_trimming

# Adapter FASTA file
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --adapter_fasta adapters.fa

Quality Filtering

# Per-base quality threshold (default Q15)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq -q 20

# Mean read quality threshold
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq -e 25

# Max unqualified bases percent (default 40)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq -q 20 --unqualified_percent_limit 30

# Disable quality filtering
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --disable_quality_filtering

Quality Trimming

# Sliding window from 3' end (recommended)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq \
      --cut_right \
      --cut_right_window_size 4 \
      --cut_right_mean_quality 20

# Sliding window from 5' end
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq \
      --cut_front \
      --cut_front_window_size 4 \
      --cut_front_mean_quality 20

# Both ends
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq \
      --cut_front --cut_tail \
      --cut_front_window_size 4 \
      --cut_front_mean_quality 20 \
      --cut_tail_window_size 4 \
      --cut_tail_mean_quality 20

Length Filtering

# Minimum length (default 15)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq -l 36

# Maximum length
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --length_limit 150

# Required length (discard shorter AND longer)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq -l 100 --length_limit 100

Poly-X Trimming

# Trim poly-G (NovaSeq/NextSeq artifacts) - auto-enabled for these platforms
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --trim_poly_g

# Disable poly-G trimming
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --disable_trim_poly_g

# Trim poly-X (any homopolymer)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --trim_poly_x

# Custom poly-G minimum length (default 10)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --trim_poly_g --poly_g_min_len 5

N Base Handling

# Max N bases (default 5)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq -n 3

# Disable N filtering
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --n_base_limit 50

Deduplication

# Enable deduplication
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --dedup

# Accuracy level (1-6, higher = more memory, default 3)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --dedup --dup_calc_accuracy 4

Base Correction (Paired-End Only)

# Enable overlap-based correction
fastp -i R1.fq -I R2.fq -o R1.out.fq -O R2.out.fq --correction

# Required overlap length (default 30)
fastp -i R1.fq -I R2.fq -o R1.out.fq -O R2.out.fq \
      --correction --overlap_len_require 20

Paired-End Merge

# Merge overlapping paired reads
fastp -i R1.fq -I R2.fq \
      --merge --merged_out merged.fq \
      -o R1_unmerged.fq -O R2_unmerged.fq

UMI Processing

# UMI in read (extract to header)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq \
      --umi --umi_loc read1 --umi_len 8

# UMI in separate read
fastp -i R1.fq -I R2.fq -o R1.out.fq -O R2.out.fq \
      --umi --umi_loc index1

# UMI locations: index1, index2, read1, read2, per_index, per_read

Complete Workflow Example

Standard Illumina Pipeline

fastp \
    -i raw_R1.fastq.gz -I raw_R2.fastq.gz \
    -o clean_R1.fastq.gz -O clean_R2.fastq.gz \
    --detect_adapter_for_pe \
    --cut_right --cut_right_window_size 4 --cut_right_mean_quality 20 \
    -q 20 -l 36 \
    --thread 8 \
    -h sample_fastp.html -j sample_fastp.json

NovaSeq/NextSeq Pipeline

fastp \
    -i raw_R1.fastq.gz -I raw_R2.fastq.gz \
    -o clean_R1.fastq.gz -O clean_R2.fastq.gz \
    --detect_adapter_for_pe \
    --trim_poly_g \
    --cut_right --cut_right_window_size 4 --cut_right_mean_quality 20 \
    -q 20 -l 36 \
    --thread 8 \
    -h sample_fastp.html -j sample_fastp.json

RNA-seq Pipeline

fastp \
    -i raw_R1.fastq.gz -I raw_R2.fastq.gz \
    -o clean_R1.fastq.gz -O clean_R2.fastq.gz \
    --detect_adapter_for_pe \
    --cut_right --cut_right_window_size 4 --cut_right_mean_quality 20 \
    -q 20 -l 50 \
    --thread 8 \
    -h sample_fastp.html -j sample_fastp.json

Output Files

File	Description
*.html	Interactive HTML report
*.json	Machine-readable statistics
Output FASTQ	Processed reads

JSON Report Structure

import json

with open('sample_fastp.json') as f:
    report = json.load(f)

summary = report['summary']
print(f"Total reads: {summary['before_filtering']['total_reads']}")
print(f"Passed reads: {summary['after_filtering']['total_reads']}")
print(f"Q20 rate: {summary['after_filtering']['q20_rate']:.2%}")
print(f"Q30 rate: {summary['after_filtering']['q30_rate']:.2%}")

Performance

# Set threads (default 3)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --thread 8

# Disable HTML report (faster)
fastp -i in.fq -o out.fq --html /dev/null

# Process from stdin
zcat in.fq.gz | fastp --stdin -o out.fq

Related Skills

• quality-reports - MultiQC can aggregate fastp JSON reports
• adapter-trimming - Cutadapt for complex adapter scenarios
• quality-filtering - Trimmomatic alternative