Writing Style (car-writing-style)

When to trigger

• The introduction buries the question and the finding under setup
• The abstract is over 300 words or omits a required element
• Prose is jargon-heavy, passive, or inconsistent in terminology
• References or notes do not follow CAR Style Guide conventions

Write the CAR abstract to spec

CAR caps the abstract at 300 words on an abstract page that begins the manuscript and carries the paper's title. The abstract should state, in order: the research question and why it is important, the predictions (if applicable), the research method(s), the principal findings, and their key implications — followed by up to six keywords for indexing. Note that the CAAA translates every accepted abstract into French for publication, so write an abstract that is clear and self-contained, with minimal idiom, so it translates cleanly.

Front-load the argument

• Open the introduction with the accounting question and why it matters; state the finding early rather than withholding it.
• Use active voice and precise accounting terminology (e.g., distinguish disclosure from recognition; earnings management from earnings quality; discretionary accruals construct vs. its proxy).
• State predictions before results; keep construct names, hypothesis labels, and variable names identical across text, tables, and the code repository.
• Keep the main text within the 30-page guideline (50-page overall limit); move detail to the online appendix rather than expanding prose.

CAR Style Guide conventions

• Footnotes, not endnotes, for in-text notes.
• References begin on a new page after the manuscript text, in the author-date style typical of accounting journals (the CAR Style Guide governs the exact format — set your reference manager to an author-date style and reconcile against it).
• 12-point, double-spaced; pages numbered sequentially after the abstract page.
• Keep the manuscript blind: no author names, affiliations, or "our prior work" phrasing — self-cite neutrally.
• Declare any generative-AI use and describe it in the Methods section (grammar/reference tools are exempt).

Accounting-term consistency pass

Create a short terminology ledger before final polish:

Term	Definition in manuscript	Table / code label	Risk if inconsistent
Construct	Economic/accounting concept, not just proxy name	Variable family	Reviewer thinks the proxy is the theory
Proxy	Exact measurement and data source	Column name / script variable	Replication fails or results are misread
Treatment / event	Institutional trigger and timing	Event-window variable	Identification and interpretation drift
Outcome	Financial reporting, audit, disclosure, tax, or governance outcome	Dependent variable	Implications overreach the measure

Use the ledger to align abstract, hypotheses, tables, and code. CAR reviewers are sensitive to construct/proxy slippage; polish should remove ambiguity rather than merely improve style.

Checklist

• Abstract ≤ 300 words with question/importance, predictions, method, findings, implications; ≤ 6 keywords
• Abstract written to translate cleanly into French
• Introduction front-loads the question and the finding
• Active voice; precise, consistent accounting terminology and labels
• Footnotes (not endnotes); references on a new page in author-date style
• Manuscript blind; self-citations neutral; AI use declared in Methods if applicable
• Main text within the 30/50-page budget
• Terminology ledger aligns constructs, proxies, tables, and code labels

Anti-patterns

• Mystery-novel intros that hide the finding until the results.
• Endnotes or a non-author-date reference style straight from the manager.
• Idiomatic abstract prose that resists French translation.
• Inconsistent construct/variable names between text, tables, and code.
• Proxy drift: changing from a measurement claim to a theory claim without saying so.

Output format

【Abstract】≤300 words; all elements present; ≤6 keywords; translation-friendly?
【Intro】question and finding front-loaded?
【Terminology】accounting terms precise; labels consistent?
【Construct/proxy ledger】text, tables, and code aligned?
【Style】footnotes, author-date refs on a new page, double-spaced, blind?
【AI disclosure】declared in Methods if used?
【Next step】car-submission