Cloudflare & Wrangler CLI

Manage Cloudflare infrastructure from the terminal: Pages, Workers, KV, R2, D1, Queues, Vectorize, and more.

Prerequisites

# Install
npm install -g wrangler

# Authenticate (opens browser OAuth flow)
wrangler login

# Verify
wrangler whoami

Environment variables (alternative to wrangler login):

• CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN — scoped API token (recommended for CI/CD)
• CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID — your account ID (found in dashboard URL)

Quick Start

# Deploy a static site to Cloudflare Pages
npm run build && wrangler pages deploy out --project-name mysite

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Quick Reference

Command	Purpose	Example
wrangler pages deploy	Deploy static site	wrangler pages deploy out --project-name mysite
wrangler pages project list	List Pages projects	wrangler pages project list
wrangler deploy	Deploy Worker	wrangler deploy
wrangler dev	Local dev server	wrangler dev
wrangler tail	Stream live logs	wrangler tail my-worker
wrangler kv namespace list	List KV namespaces	wrangler kv namespace list
wrangler r2 bucket list	List R2 buckets	wrangler r2 bucket list
wrangler d1 list	List D1 databases	wrangler d1 list
wrangler secret put	Set encrypted secret	wrangler secret put API_KEY
wrangler whoami	Check auth status	wrangler whoami

Full CLI reference: references/wrangler-commands.md

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Pages

Primary use case for static site deployment (Next.js output: 'export', Astro, etc.).

Deploy

# Direct deploy (no git integration needed)
npm run build
wrangler pages deploy out --project-name worldwarwatcher

# With commit tracking
wrangler pages deploy out --project-name mysite --commit-hash $(git rev-parse HEAD) --commit-message "$(git log -1 --format=%s)"

# Preview deploy (non-production branch)
wrangler pages deploy out --project-name mysite --branch staging

Project Management

wrangler pages project create mysite --production-branch main
wrangler pages project list
wrangler pages project delete mysite

Deployment History & Rollback

wrangler pages deployment list --project-name mysite
wrangler pages deployment tail --project-name mysite    # Stream logs

To rollback: redeploy a previous build directory, or use the dashboard to promote an earlier deployment.

Custom Domains

Custom domain management is dashboard-only — wrangler cannot add/remove custom domains for Pages projects. Use the Cloudflare dashboard:

1. Workers & Pages → project → Custom Domains → Add
2. CF auto-creates DNS records and provisions TLS

Pages Config Files

Place _headers and _redirects in your static assets directory (e.g., public/ for Next.js, Astro, Vite) — the build process copies them to the output root.

Details: references/pages-config.md — _headers format, _redirects format, framework presets, preview deploys.

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Workers

# Create new Worker project (C3 scaffolding)
npm create cloudflare@latest my-worker

# Local development (with hot reload)
wrangler dev

# Deploy to production
wrangler deploy

# Stream live logs
wrangler tail my-worker

Note: wrangler init is deprecated — use npm create cloudflare@latest instead.

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Agents SDK & Code Mode

Build stateful AI agents on Cloudflare Workers with durable state, chat persistence, voice, sub-agents, durable execution, MCP tools, and sandboxed code execution. SDK at agents@0.13.2 (May 2026).

Quick Start

# Scaffold with the starter (includes chat, tools, HITL, scheduling)
npx create-cloudflare@latest --template cloudflare/agents-starter

# Or install packages individually
npm install agents @cloudflare/ai-chat @cloudflare/think @cloudflare/voice @cloudflare/codemode

Class Hierarchy

Class	Package	Purpose
Agent<Env, State>	agents	Base: state, scheduling, fibers, sub-agents, RPC, MCP
AIChatAgent	@cloudflare/ai-chat	Chat: message persistence, streaming, tool approval, data parts
Think	@cloudflare/think	Opinionated chat: full agentic loop, extensions, auto-continuation
withVoice(Agent)	@cloudflare/voice	Mixin: real-time STT/TTS over WebSocket (beta)

Key Concepts

Concept	Description
this.subAgent(Class, id)	Spawn co-located child agents with typed RPC and isolated SQLite
runAgentTool / agentTool	Run sub-agents as retained, streaming tools from a parent
runFiber() / stash()	Durable execution — work survives DO eviction with checkpoint recovery
needsApproval	Human-in-the-loop tool approval (5 patterns available)
this.schedule() / scheduleEvery()	Persistent scheduling: delayed, cron, interval (survives restarts)
this.retry()	Built-in exponential backoff with jitter
keepAlive()	Prevent DO eviction during long-running work
diagnostics_channel	Structured observability across 7 typed event channels
addMcpServer()	Consume MCP tools via HTTP/SSE or RPC (DO binding, no HTTP overhead)
createCodeTool()	Code Mode: wraps tools into TypeScript API for LLM-generated code
DynamicWorkerExecutor	Runs LLM code in isolated V8 sandbox (Dynamic Workers, open beta)
Chat Recovery	Server turns survive client disconnect, resume on reconnect (v0.12.4+)
codeMcpServer()	Wrap an MCP server with Code Mode — all tools become typed sandbox APIs

When to Use

Need	Approach
Static API endpoint or cron	Standard Worker (wrangler deploy)
Custom protocol, non-chat agent	Agent base class
Chat with full control over agentic loop	AIChatAgent
Chat with minimal boilerplate	Think (handles everything)
Voice interaction	withVoice(Agent) or withVoice(AIChatAgent)
Orchestrating multiple agents	Agent + subAgent()
LLM composing multiple tools via code	Code Mode (@cloudflare/codemode)
Durable multi-step workflow	AgentWorkflow (Workflows integration)

Full API references: references/agents-sdk-core.md, references/agents-sdk-chat-voice.md, references/codemode.md

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Storage & Data Services

Service	Purpose	Key Commands
KV	Key-value store	kv namespace create/list, kv key put/get/list/delete
R2	Object storage (S3-compatible)	r2 bucket create/list, r2 object put/get/delete
D1	SQLite database	d1 create/list, d1 execute --remote, d1 migrations apply --remote
Queues	Message queues between Workers	queues create/list/delete, queues consumer add/remove
Vectorize	Vector DB for AI/embeddings	vectorize create/list/delete, vectorize insert
Hyperdrive	Connection pooling for external DBs	hyperdrive create/list/delete

Important: D1 commands default to the local dev database. Add --remote to target production:

wrangler d1 execute my-database --command "SELECT * FROM users" --remote

Full command reference with all flags: references/wrangler-commands.md

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Secrets

wrangler secret put SECRET_NAME          # Prompts for value
echo "value" | wrangler secret put SECRET_NAME  # From stdin
wrangler secret list
wrangler secret bulk secrets.json        # Bulk upload

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Common Workflows

CI/CD with GitHub Actions

# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
- name: Deploy to Cloudflare Pages
  uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v3
  with:
    apiToken: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
    accountId: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID }}
    command: pages deploy out --project-name mysite

Note: In CI/CD (non-interactive), create the project first with wrangler pages project create — auto-creation only works interactively.

Tail Production Logs

wrangler tail my-worker --format pretty
wrangler pages deployment tail --project-name mysite

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Troubleshooting

# Check auth
wrangler whoami

# Re-authenticate
wrangler logout && wrangler login

# Check wrangler version
wrangler --version

# Verbose output for debugging
WRANGLER_LOG=debug wrangler pages deploy out --project-name mysite

• "Authentication error" — Run wrangler login or set CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN
• "Project not found" — Check project name: wrangler pages project list
• "Build output not found" — Verify build output directory exists. See references/pages-config.md for framework-to-directory mapping.
• Pages deploy hangs — Check _headers/_redirects syntax (no YAML, plain text format)
• Deploy includes too many files — Ensure --directory points to the build output only (e.g., out/, dist/), not the project root

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Browser Rendering (Web Scraping & Crawling)

Budget alternative to Firecrawl using Cloudflare's headless Chrome on the edge. Free tier: 10 min/day, 5 crawls/day, 100 pages/crawl. Static fetches (--no-render) are free during beta.

Quick Start

# Single page to markdown
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py markdown https://example.com

# Free static fetch (no JS rendering, free during beta)
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py markdown https://example.com --no-render

# With filter pipeline (same as Firecrawl)
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py markdown https://docs.example.com | \
  python3 ~/.claude/skills/firecrawl/scripts/filter_web_results.py --sections "API" --max-chars 5000

# Multi-page crawl
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py crawl https://docs.example.com --limit 50

# Screenshot / PDF
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py screenshot https://example.com -o page.png
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py pdf https://example.com -o page.pdf

# AI-structured extraction (Workers AI, free tier included)
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py json https://example.com --prompt "Extract product names and prices"

# Extract links
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py links https://example.com

When to Use CF Browser Rendering vs Firecrawl vs Scrapling

Need	Best Tool	Why
Clean markdown, reliable	firecrawl scrape --only-main-content	Best markdown quality, optimized for LLMs
Cheap/free JS-rendered scrape	cf_browser.py markdown URL	Free 10 min/day, $0.09/hr after
Free static page fetch	cf_browser.py markdown URL --no-render	FREE during beta
Multi-page crawl on a budget	cf_browser.py crawl URL	5 free crawls/day, 100 pages each
Incremental re-crawl	cf_browser.py crawl --modified-since	Built-in cache, Firecrawl lacks this
Autonomous data finding (no URL)	firecrawl_api.py agent	No CF equivalent
Anti-bot / Cloudflare bypass	scrapling --stealth	Local, no API key
Web search + scrape	firecrawl search --scrape	No CF search API
Twitter/X content	jina URL	Only tool that works

Subcommands

Command	Description
markdown	Single page → markdown
content	Single page → rendered HTML
crawl	Multi-page async crawl (polls until done, or --async)
status	Check crawl job status
cancel	Cancel a running crawl
screenshot	Page screenshot (PNG)
pdf	Page → PDF
links	Extract all links
scrape	Extract elements via CSS selectors
json	AI-structured extraction (Workers AI)

Auth

Uses CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID + CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN (preferred) or CLOUDFLARE_GLOBAL_API_KEY + CLOUDFLARE_EMAIL (fallback). All in ~/.config/env/secrets.env.

Pricing

Tier	Browser Hours	Crawl Limits
Free	10 min/day	5 jobs/day, 100 pages/job
Paid	10 hr/month included, $0.09/hr after	100,000 pages/job

Full API reference: references/browser-rendering-api.md

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Reference Documentation

File	Contents
references/wrangler-commands.md	Full Wrangler CLI command reference with all flags
references/pages-config.md	Pages config: _headers, _redirects, build presets, env vars
references/browser-rendering-api.md	Browser Rendering REST API: endpoints, params, pricing, limits
references/agents-sdk-core.md	Agents SDK core: Agent class, scheduling, fibers, HITL, workflows, observability, MCP
references/agents-sdk-chat-voice.md	Chat (AIChatAgent, Think), Voice, sub-agents, agent tools, chat recovery
references/codemode.md	Code Mode, Dynamic Workers (open beta), sandbox security, MCP barrel export