The desktop entry point is an ordered list

Desktop. Most of what follows is only correct because of where it sits — treat the entry function as a sequence, not a bag of setup calls.

// adapted — order is load-bearing top to bottom
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    forceLinuxWmClass()      // 5. the launcher's first statement — it builds the toolkit itself
    runDesktopApp(args)
}

fun runDesktopApp(args: Array<String>) {
    CrashDialog.install()                    // 1. catch everything from here on

    java.awt.Desktop.isDesktopSupported()    // 2. probe BEFORE any native loads

    System.setProperty("compose.swing.render.on.graphics", "true")   // 3. read once
    System.setProperty("compose.interop.blending", "true")
    System.setProperty("compose.layers.type", "COMPONENT")
    if (!isWindows) System.setProperty("skiko.vsync.enabled", "false")

    …                                        // then the guard, the container, the window (§4)
}

The numbers are the sections below; §5 is numbered last but runs first, from the launcher module.

1. Install the crash handler first

First statement, so everything below is covered — including the failures this file is about, which all happen before there is a UI to report them. The handler, its dialog and the build-time swap behind its reporting call are their own subject: swappable-crash-reporting-and-dialog.

2. Probe the desktop-integration API before any native load

java.awt.Desktop caches whether it is supported on the first call. If a bundled native library has already claimed a shared-object name the JDK's backing implementation also needs, that call fails and the JDK reports the entire desktop API unsupported for the life of the process — every "open link" breaks at once. Probing at the top, while only system libraries are mapped, pins it.

This is a workaround; the cure lives in the native bundle. The mechanism, the cure and how to tell which copy actually loaded are in bundled-native-soname-conflict — write that removal condition beside the probe.

3. Renderer properties are read once

Treat every compose.* / renderer property as read at rendering start-up: set them at the top of the entry function, because a value written after the first window exists changes nothing and fails as "the flag did nothing" rather than as an error.

Vsync off on the platforms where the wait has no timeout. The entry point's comment records the mechanism: frame pacing waits on a display-provided signal, and when the display arrangement changes — the window dragged to another monitor, a monitor unplugged — that wait can stop being signalled and the UI thread parks indefinitely. The user sees a frozen window while audio keeps playing, which reads as a hang and is not; with vsync off the renderer paces frames itself. Scoped to everything except Windows, which the same comment records as rendering through a different path and showing no such freeze — a check that names what it means, as does §5's.

4. Virtual-machine gate on transparency and the custom titlebar

The entry point's comment records this one too: a transparent, undecorated window does not render on typical virtual-machine (VM) graphics drivers — the process runs, the window never appears. Detect the environment once and fall back to an ordinary decorated window, gating the whole treatment together:

// adapted — one flag, four decisions
Window(undecorated = !isVM, transparent = !isVM, …) {
    Column(Modifier.fillMaxSize().then(if (!isVM) Modifier.clip(RoundedCornerShape(12.dp)) else Modifier)) {
        if (!isVM) CustomTitleBar(…)
        App()
    }
}

The detection is computed once and remembered, because it shells out to a system query. What that query must be — and why the obvious command-line tool no longer exists on current Windows, which made every VM look like bare metal — is windows-vm-detection-post-wmic. Keep a manual override property alongside it so a user on an undetected hypervisor can force the fallback.

Check what the probe actually covers. The one mined here returns false on every non-Windows platform before querying anything, so a Linux or macOS guest still gets the transparent window — a deliberate scope the flag's name does not admit to. Widen it, or rename the flag.

5. The Linux window-class name, set reflectively

The shell binds a launcher icon to a window by its class name. The JDK derives that from a field on its X11 toolkit, read lazily at the first window, and exposes no property to set it — so with a native launcher the dock shows whichever internal thread first touched the toolkit, not your app.

private fun forceLinuxWmClass(appName: String = APP_NAME) {   // adapted
    if (!isLinux) return
    runCatching {
        val toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit()
        // Only the X11 toolkit exposes this field; skip the Wayland toolkit and headless.
        if (toolkit.javaClass.name != "sun.awt.X11.XToolkit") return
        toolkit.javaClass.getDeclaredField("awtAppClassName").apply {
            isAccessible = true
            set(null, appName)
        }
    }.onFailure { System.err.println("window-class override failed: ${it.message}") }
}

Three conditions, all necessary: after the toolkit is constructed (so the value is used verbatim), before the first window, and the packaging must pass the module-open flag or the access is denied. The function gets the first for free by constructing the toolkit itself on its own first line — which is what lets it be the launcher's opening statement. The value must equal the class name in the generated desktop entry, or the shell has two identities and binds neither.

Traps

Every item here fails silently. A property set too late, a probe run too late, a reflective field access denied — none throws where you can see it. Each needs its own log line; "the app started" is not evidence. And a guarded reflective hack must degrade rather than crash: a wrong dock label is not worth a failed launch.

The visual fallback is a set, not a switch. Keep the custom titlebar while falling back to a decorated window and you get two title bars.

Verifying it

1. Test the packaged app, not a plain Gradle run — launcher, thread ownership and module flags all differ, and this whole file is about start-up ordering.
2. Move the window between monitors, and unplug one, then interact with the UI. A frozen window with audio still playing is the vsync symptom.
3. Run once in a virtual machine. An invisible window with a healthy process is the transparency symptom.
4. On Linux, read the window's class name from the shell and compare it to the desktop entry's declared class; they must be identical strings.
5. Check the order by grep, not by memory — grep -n "isDesktopSupported\|System.setProperty" <entry-file>: probe first, every property above the window construction, each commented with what reads it.