Create Database Migration

Generate timestamped Knex migrations following project conventions.

Quick Start

1. Create migration: pnpm --filter api knex:new-migration {description}
   • Example: pnpm --filter api knex:new-migration add-column-email-to-users-table
   • Creates timestamped file in apps/api/src/shared-kernel/adapters/sql-knex/migrations/
2. Implement up() and down() functions in the generated file
3. Update apps/api/src/shared-kernel/adapters/sql-knex/tableTypes.d.ts if schema changes
4. If new table created: add table name to tablesToCleanUp in apps/api/test/tablesToCleanUp.ts (child tables before parent tables)
5. Run: pnpm --filter api knex:migrate-latest

Transaction Handling

Knex automatically wraps each migration in a transaction — the knex parameter in up()/down() is already a transaction object. Do NOT call knex.transaction() inside migrations.

// WRONG — redundant nested transaction
export async function up(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex.transaction(async (trx) => {
    await trx.schema.createTable("example", (table) => { /* ... */ });
  });
}

// CORRECT — knex is already a transaction
export async function up(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex.schema.createTable("example", (table) => { /* ... */ });
}

To opt out of auto-transaction for a specific migration (e.g., DDL that can't run in a transaction):

export const config = { transaction: false };

File Naming

Format: {YYYYMMDDHHmmss}_{verb}-{description}.ts

Operation	Pattern	Example
Create table	create-table-{name}	20250211105813_create-table-users-features-alerts.ts
Add column	add-column-{name}-to-{table} or add-{name}-to-{table}	20250915091313_add_newsletter_subscription_to_users_table.ts
Drop column	drop-{column}-from-{table}	20250613111514_drop-is_friche-column-from-sites-table.ts
Rename column	rename-{old}-to-{new}-in-{table}	20250729160857_rename-insee-to-city_code-in-cities-table.ts
Update data	update-{description}	20250225095318_update-friche-activity-values-in-sites-table.ts

Use kebab-case OR snake_case consistently within a single filename.

Migration Templates

Create Table

import type { Knex } from "knex";

export async function up(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex.schema.createTable("table_name", (table) => {
    table.uuid("id").primary();
    table.string("name").notNullable();
    table.uuid("related_id").references("id").inTable("other_table");
    table.timestamp("created_at").notNullable();
  });
}

export async function down(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex.schema.dropTableIfExists("table_name");
}

Add Column

import type { Knex } from "knex";

export async function up(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex.schema.table("table_name", (table) => {
    table.string("column_name");  // nullable by default
    // OR: table.boolean("flag").defaultTo(false);
    // OR: table.string("required_col").notNullable();
  });
}

export async function down(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex.schema.table("table_name", (table) => {
    table.dropColumn("column_name");
  });
}

Drop Column

import type { Knex } from "knex";

export async function up(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex.schema.table("table_name", (table) => {
    table.dropColumn("column_name");
  });
}

export async function down(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex.schema.table("table_name", (table) => {
    table.string("column_name").nullable();
  });
  // Optionally restore data if recoverable
}

Rename Column

import type { Knex } from "knex";

export async function up(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex.schema.table("table_name", (table) => {
    table.renameColumn("old_name", "new_name");
  });
}

export async function down(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex.schema.table("table_name", (table) => {
    table.renameColumn("new_name", "old_name");
  });
}

Data Migration

import type { Knex } from "knex";

export async function up(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex("table_name")
    .whereIn("column", ["old_value1", "old_value2"])
    .update({ column: "new_value" });
}

export async function down(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  await knex("table_name")
    .where("column", "new_value")
    .update({ column: "old_value1" });  // Best effort
}

Complex Data Migration (JSON columns)

import type { Knex } from "knex";

export async function up(knex: Knex): Promise<void> {
  const rows = await knex("table_name")
    .select("id", "json_column")
    .whereRaw(`json_column::json->>'field' IS NOT NULL`);

  for (const row of rows) {
    const data = row.json_column as Record<string, unknown>;
    const updated = { ...data, newField: transformValue(data.oldField) };
    delete (updated as Record<string, unknown>).oldField;

    await knex("table_name").update({ json_column: updated }).where({ id: row.id });
  }
}

export async function down(): void {
  return;  // Data migration not reversible
}

Column Types Reference

Knex Method	PostgreSQL	TypeScript
table.uuid("id")	UUID	string
table.string("name")	VARCHAR(255)	string
table.text("desc")	TEXT	string
table.boolean("flag")	BOOLEAN	boolean
table.integer("count")	INTEGER	number
table.float("amount")	REAL	number
table.timestamp("at")	TIMESTAMP	Date
table.json("data")	JSON	Record<string, unknown>

tableTypes.d.ts Updates

After schema changes, update apps/api/src/shared-kernel/adapters/sql-knex/tableTypes.d.ts:

// Add new type for new table
type SqlNewTable = {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  created_at: Date;
  optional_col: string | null;  // nullable columns use | null
};

// Register in Tables interface
declare module "knex/types/tables" {
  interface Tables {
    new_table: SqlNewTable;  // table_name: SqlType
  }
}

Rules:

• Use snake_case for column names (matches DB)
• Use | null for nullable columns (not ?:)
• Use Date for timestamps (Knex converts)
• Register table in Tables interface

Checklist

1. Migration created with pnpm --filter api knex:new-migration {description}
2. up() implements forward migration
3. down() reverses migration (or returns void if not possible)
4. tableTypes.d.ts updated for schema changes (new table → add SqlXxx type + register in Tables interface)
5. If new table created: add table name to tablesToCleanUp array in apps/api/test/tablesToCleanUp.ts (respecting deletion order: child tables before parent tables)
6. Migration tested: pnpm --filter api knex:migrate-latest
7. Rollback tested: pnpm --filter api knex:migrate-rollback