/discover

Produce a ranked shortlist of paper candidates from one of four seed modes. Surface them to the user (or to the calling skill) with rationales. Never auto-ingest — /discover is a proposal stage, /ingest is the action stage.

Use these local references on demand:

• references/seed-modes.md — when to pick anchor / topic / wiki / venue mode and how to translate the user's phrasing into one
• references/ranking-signals.md — what tools/discover.py scores on and why discovery does not share /init's survey preference
• references/wiki-dedup.md — how candidates are filtered against wiki/papers/ and what to do with matches

Inputs

• --anchor <id> (repeatable): one or more anchor paper IDs (arXiv IDs preferred; S2 paperIds also accepted). Drives the anchor mode — the primary use case, including the post-/ingest "what to read next" flow.
• --negative <id> (repeatable, optional): IDs to push recommendations away from. Only meaningful with --anchor.
• --topic "<str>": a topic / query string. Drives the topic mode — lighter alternative to /init's planner.
• --from-wiki: derive seeds automatically from the wiki's most recently modified papers. Drives the wiki mode.
• --venue <slug> + --year <int>: venue slug and year (e.g. neurips 2024). Drives the venue mode — ranks papers from that venue/year by relevance to the existing wiki.
• --limit N (optional, default 10): max shortlist size.

Exactly one of --anchor, --topic, --from-wiki, or --venue must be given.

Outputs

• .checkpoints/discover-{seed-slug}-{YYYY-MM-DD}.json — full shortlist payload, machine-readable; the seed slug is derived from the first anchor or the topic
• a human-readable markdown summary printed to the user with rationale per candidate
• wiki/log.md — one append line via tools/research_wiki.py log for anchor/topic/wiki runs only

/discover does not write anywhere else in wiki/ and does not touch raw/. from-venue is stricter: it does not write to wiki/ at all, including wiki/log.md. Whether to actually pull a candidate into the wiki is the caller's decision (a follow-up /ingest).

Wiki Interaction

Reads

• wiki/papers/*.md — frontmatter arxiv (or legacy arxiv_id) for dedup against already-ingested papers
• wiki/papers/*.md modification times — for --from-wiki anchor selection
• wiki/papers/*.md, wiki/concepts/*.md, wiki/topics/*.md — titles and body text for venue-mode relevance scoring

Writes

• anchor/topic/wiki runs: wiki/log.md — APPEND via tools/research_wiki.py log
• venue runs: none

Graph edges created

• none. Graph mutations belong to /ingest, not /discover.

Workflow

Pre-condition: working directory contains wiki/, raw/, and tools/. Resolve the Python interpreter once and reuse it:

if [ -x .venv/bin/python ]; then
  PYTHON_BIN=.venv/bin/python
elif [ -x .venv/Scripts/python.exe ]; then
  PYTHON_BIN=.venv/Scripts/python.exe
else
  PYTHON_BIN=python3
fi
export PYTHON_BIN

Step 1: Pick the seed mode

Translate the user's request into exactly one of from-anchors, from-topic, from-wiki, or from-venue. The decision rule lives in references/seed-modes.md; the short version:

• the user named one or more specific papers, or this is a post-/ingest --discover follow-up → anchors
• the user gave a topic / direction / keywords → topic
• the user asked open-ended "what should I read next" with no anchor and no topic → wiki
• the user asked for papers from a specific venue and year → venue

If the user supplied negatives ("not these"), include them via --negative in anchor mode only.

Step 2: Run the discovery tool

"$PYTHON_BIN" tools/discover.py from-anchors \
  --id <arxiv-id> [--id <arxiv-id>...] [--negative <id>...] \
  --wiki-root wiki \
  --limit 10 \
  --output-checkpoint .checkpoints/ \
  --markdown

For venue mode, always pass --wiki-root so the tool can compute relevance against existing content. Venue mode requires a non-sparse wiki (the tool will fail clearly if the wiki is too empty).

Or for topic / wiki modes:

"$PYTHON_BIN" tools/discover.py from-topic "<query>" --wiki-root wiki --limit 10 --output-checkpoint .checkpoints/ --markdown
"$PYTHON_BIN" tools/discover.py from-wiki --wiki-root wiki --limit 10 --output-checkpoint .checkpoints/ --markdown

Anchor (and wiki) mode run three S2 channels per anchor by default — recommend + references + citations. This is what makes /discover meaningfully different from /daily-arxiv: references surface older canonical work the anchor built on, citations surface high-impact follow-ups. Pass --no-citation-expand only if API cost forces the narrower recommend-only path; the quality regression is sharp.

The tool handles candidate gathering, wiki dedup, ranking, and writes the checkpoint. Always pass --wiki-root wiki so already-ingested papers are filtered out — surfacing duplicates wastes the user's review time.

If S2 is unavailable in topic mode, the tool will continue with whatever sources responded; check the output and report degraded discovery to the user. If every channel fails, abort with a clear message rather than emitting an empty shortlist as if it were a real recommendation.

Step 3: Present the shortlist

Show the markdown output to the user. For each candidate, the user needs enough to decide whether to ingest:

• title and arXiv ID (or S2 paperId fallback)
• one-line rationale (already produced by the tool: anchor count, influential citations, year)
• TLDR if the tool surfaced one (topic-mode candidates often have it; anchor-mode usually does not — the recommendations endpoint does not return TLDRs)

Append a short "next step" hint:

To ingest a candidate: /ingest https://arxiv.org/abs/<arxiv-id>

Do not ingest anything yourself. The user picks.

Step 4: Log

"$PYTHON_BIN" tools/research_wiki.py log wiki "discover | mode=<anchors|topic|wiki> | seed=<short-desc> | shortlist=<N>"

Skip this step for from-venue; venue discovery must not write to wiki/ or raw/.

Internal Callers

/discover is designed to be invoked both by users (manually) and by other skills (as a subroutine).

From /ingest --discover

When /ingest is invoked with the optional --discover flag (default off), it calls /discover after the final report, with the just-ingested paper's arXiv ID as the single anchor. The shortlist is appended to /ingest's report under a "Related papers you may want to ingest next" heading. /ingest never auto-ingests anything from this list.

From /init

/init does not call /discover. /init's planner (tools/init_discovery.py plan) has its own scoring that favors surveys, broad coverage, and seed anchors — appropriate for bootstrapping a wiki. /discover's ranking is intentionally different (no survey preference; weights anchor similarity and influential citations) and would dilute /init's shortlist if substituted in. Keep them separate.

Constraints

• Never auto-ingest: /discover returns a shortlist and stops. Even when called by /ingest --discover, the caller surfaces results and the user decides what to ingest.
• No content writes to wiki/: paper pages, concepts, methods, graph edges all belong to /ingest. Anchor/topic/wiki runs may append wiki/log.md; from-venue must not write to wiki/ at all.
• No writes to raw/: /discover does not download papers. The user runs /ingest <arxiv-url> afterwards if they want a candidate.
• Always dedupe against the wiki: pass --wiki-root wiki so the shortlist contains only papers not yet in the wiki. Surfacing duplicates is the most common low-quality failure mode.
• Ranking is discovery-specific: do not import or duplicate tools/init_discovery.py's scoring helpers. The two skills have different objectives — /init wants broad foundational coverage; /discover wants relevant next reads. See references/ranking-signals.md.
• Three-channel anchor gather: by default, anchor mode pulls from S2 recommend + references + citations per anchor. Removing the citation channels (via --no-citation-expand) collapses the result into a recency-biased semantic cluster that overlaps heavily with /daily-arxiv. Keep all three on unless API cost is a hard constraint. See references/ranking-signals.md.
• Some S2 endpoints have a flatter field set: /citations, /references, and /recommendations/* reject nested selectors — no authors.hIndex, no tldr. /paper/{id} and /paper/search do accept them, so topic-mode candidates carry full enrichment; anchor-mode candidates that entered only via citations/references/recommend do not. That is a real API constraint, not a bug.
• Rate limits apply: each anchor in anchor mode costs up to three S2 calls (recommend + references + citations). Default per-anchor limit is 50 for recs and 30 each for references/citations. Multi-anchor runs multiply accordingly; with an API key (1 req/sec) a 3-anchor run takes ~10 seconds.

Error Handling

• All seed channels fail: report the failure, write no shortlist, and do not log a successful run.
• S2 unavailable, DeepXiv available (topic mode): continue with DeepXiv only; note the degradation in the report.
• S2 returns zero recommendations for an anchor: keep going with the remaining anchors; if all anchors return zero, treat as total failure.
• --from-wiki finds no anchorable papers (wiki/papers/ empty or all missing arxiv_id): tell the user the wiki is too sparse for wiki-mode discovery and suggest topic mode.
• from-venue with a sparse wiki (too few terms extracted from wiki content): fail clearly and suggest ingesting papers or using topic mode. Venue mode relies on existing wiki content for relevance; without it the ranking would be arbitrary.
• Anchor ID is malformed or unknown: S2 will return 404; surface the bad ID in the report and continue with any remaining anchors.

Dependencies

Tools (via Bash)

• "$PYTHON_BIN" tools/discover.py from-anchors --id <id> [--id <id>...] [--negative <id>...] --wiki-root wiki --limit <N> --output-checkpoint .checkpoints/ --markdown
• "$PYTHON_BIN" tools/discover.py from-topic "<query>" --wiki-root wiki --limit <N> --output-checkpoint .checkpoints/ --markdown
• "$PYTHON_BIN" tools/discover.py from-wiki --wiki-root wiki --limit <N> --output-checkpoint .checkpoints/ --markdown
• "$PYTHON_BIN" tools/discover.py from-venue --venue <slug> --year <int> --wiki-root wiki --limit <N> --output-checkpoint .checkpoints/ --markdown
• "$PYTHON_BIN" tools/research_wiki.py log wiki "<message>"

Skills

• /ingest — caller via --discover flag; also the action the user takes on a chosen candidate
• /init — independent planner; does not call /discover

External APIs

• Semantic Scholar — recommendations (/recommendations/v1/papers/forpaper/{id}, POST /recommendations/v1/papers/), search, paper detail (via tools/fetch_s2.py)
• DeepXiv — search fallback in topic mode (via tools/fetch_deepxiv.py, optional; graceful fallback when unavailable)
• Paper Copilot — public GitHub raw JSON (papercopilot/paperlists) for venue/year paper lists. Live-site scraping is not used; do not vendor the dataset. Venue normalization should preserve documented relevance fields such as title, abstract, TLDR, keywords / primary area / topic, track, status, citations, ratings, reviews, and paper URLs when present.