Store PWA/TWA Skill

Guide the end-to-end process of wrapping a web app as a Meta Quest app and shipping it to the Meta Horizon Store. This skill covers both delivery modes — a 2D windowed panel and an immersive WebXR/VR experience — through the same pipeline: build the web app, deploy to Vercel, add a PWA manifest + icons, package as a signed Quest APK with @meta-quest/bubblewrap-cli, and upload with ovr-platform-util.

Commands use <…> tokens (e.g. <DOMAIN>, <HORIZON_APP_ID>, <team-slug>, <PW>) — substitute your own values before running.

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when you need to:

• Ship a web app (2D or WebXR) to the Meta Horizon Store as a PWA/TWA
• Decide whether an app should run as a 2D panel or an immersive WebXR session
• Build a WebXR app with IWSDK and wire up auto-enter-session for the installed PWA
• Deploy a PWA to Vercel and produce a valid, installable web app manifest + icons
• Package a live PWA into a signed Quest APK with @meta-quest/bubblewrap-cli
• Configure the signing keystore and Digital Asset Links so the TWA will launch
• Upload a build to the Store with ovr-platform-util
• Troubleshoot a 2D app stuck loading, an immersive app showing a URL bar, a TWA that won't launch, or an upload that's blocked

For deeper IWSDK app-building guidance, see the hz-iwsdk-webxr skill. For the broader Store submission process (VRC compliance, store assets, review tracking), see the hz-store-submit skill.

Pipeline Overview

The full pipeline follows this order. The two mode-specific deltas are flagged; all other steps are identical for 2D and immersive.

0. Pick app mode        → 2D panel vs immersive WebXR (sets steps 1 + 4)
1. Build the web app    → IWSDK WebXR app (immersive) OR any responsive PWA (2D)
2. Deploy to Vercel     → public HTTPS origin = <DOMAIN>
3. Manifest + icons     → installable web app manifest, PNG icons, live on <DOMAIN>
4. Package as APK       → bubblewrap: keystore, twa-manifest, build, asset links
5. Upload to the Store  → ovr-platform-util upload-quest-build

Dependencies between steps matter — see Order of Operations at the end.

Step 0: Pick the App Mode First

The app mode is the single most important decision, chosen once. It changes exactly two things downstream:

1. Whether the web app auto-enters a WebXR session on launch (immersive only).
2. The horizonOSAppMode value in twa-manifest.json ("immersive" vs "2D").

	2D PWA	Immersive WebXR PWA
Runs as	windowed 2D panel on Horizon	enters a full VR/WebXR session
Web app	any responsive PWA (IWSDK optional)	WebXR app (IWSDK is the easy path)
Auto-enter requestSession	NO — do not add it (Step 1)	YES — built into the app (Step 1)
horizonOSAppMode	"2D" (Step 4)	"immersive" (Step 4)

A wrong horizonOSAppMode value is the classic failure mode: a 2D app set to immersive is stuck loading; an immersive app set to 2D shows a browser URL bar.

See references/app-modes.md for the full decision guide.

Step 1: Build the Web App

Immersive WebXR app (IWSDK)

Scaffold with @iwsdk/create (the only supported scaffolder):

npx @iwsdk/create@latest <app-name> --yes --mode vr --no-metaspatial \
  --no-physics --no-locomotion --grabbing

Toggle --physics (Havok gravity/collisions), --locomotion (roam a large space), and --grabbing (hands/controllers pick objects up) to fit the app. For arcade-style apps prefer deterministic manual motion over physics.

Don't reinvent IWSDK app code. The template's bundled CLAUDE.md, .claude/skills/iwsdk-* skills, and the iwsdk-rag MCP are the source of truth for imports, ECS, XR input, physics, UI, and debugging. Query those rather than guessing.

Build auto-enter into the immersive app from the start. An installed immersive PWA opens with no 2D page, so the app itself must start the session on load (the app-icon tap is the user activation). Gate it on getDigitalGoodsService so it runs only in the installed PWA, never a browser tab:

const nav = navigator as Navigator & { xr?: { isSessionSupported?: (m:string)=>Promise<boolean> } };
if ("getDigitalGoodsService" in window && nav.xr?.isSessionSupported) {
  nav.xr.isSessionSupported("immersive-vr")
    .then(s => { if (s) world.launchXR(); })   // IWSDK launchXR == requestSession + setup
    .catch(() => {});
}

getDigitalGoodsService is device-only — validate this path on the headset.

2D windowed app

Any responsive web app/PWA works — IWSDK is not required. It runs as a single- instance standalone panel with its own Library entry. Make sure it's a valid installable PWA (Step 3) and build/deploy it like any static/SPA site (Step 2). Do NOT add the auto-enter code above.

Full scaffolding flags, project layout, and the auto-enter rationale are in references/app-modes.md.

Step 2: Deploy to Vercel

The web app must be live on a public HTTPS origin before packaging — bubblewrap fetches the manifest and icons from it. Set base: "./" in your Vite config, then:

npx -y vercel@latest whoami
npx -y vercel@latest teams ls
npx -y vercel@latest deploy --prod --yes --scope <team-slug>

Two URLs result:

• Canonical alias https://<project>.vercel.app → public (200). Use this as <DOMAIN> everywhere downstream.
• Hashed per-deploy URL …-<team>.vercel.app → 401 under deployment protection. Not for sharing, not usable as <DOMAIN>.

Verify the root and manifest both return 200, and that the manifest is served as application/manifest+json:

curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" https://<DOMAIN>/manifest.webmanifest

See references/vercel-deploy.md for details and the redeploy-vs-rebuild rule.

Step 3: PWA Manifest + Icons

Both modes need a valid, installable manifest and PNG icons, live on <DOMAIN> before bubblewrap update runs. Place public/manifest.webmanifest:

{ "name":"…","short_name":"…","description":"…","start_url":"/","scope":"/",
  "display":"standalone","orientation":"landscape",
  "background_color":"#06010f","theme_color":"#0a0418",
  "icons":[
    {"src":"/icons/icon-192.png","type":"image/png","sizes":"192x192","purpose":"any"},
    {"src":"/icons/icon-512.png","type":"image/png","sizes":"512x512","purpose":"any"},
    {"src":"/icons/icon-512-maskable.png","type":"image/png","sizes":"512x512","purpose":"maskable"}]}

Link it in index.html <head> (<link rel="manifest"> + <meta name="theme-color">

• <link rel="icon">). For multi-origin 2D apps, add additional_trusted_origins and host asset links on each origin.

There's no ImageMagick/PIL here — generate icons with sharp (npm i -D sharp) from an SVG. The maskable icon must be full-bleed and opaque (no transparency or rounded corners). Vite copies public/ into dist/.

See references/manifest-and-icons.md for the icon script and the full manifest reference.

Step 4: Package as a Quest APK (bubblewrap)

bubblewrap wraps the live PWA into a signed Android APK (a Trusted Web Activity).

npm i -g @meta-quest/bubblewrap-cli   # bin: bubblewrap

Prereqs are pre-provisioned in ~/.bubblewrap (its own JDK 17 + Android SDK). Find the tools dynamically:

KT=$(find ~/.bubblewrap/jdk -path '*/bin/keytool' | head -1)
BT=$(ls -d ~/.bubblewrap/android_sdk/build-tools/* | sort -V | tail -1)

bubblewrap init uses an interactive inquirer wizard that needs a real TTY. A non-TTY caller (an agent driving Bash) can't answer it and there are no value flags to bypass it — use the scripted path below.

1. Signing keystore — pause and ask the developer which key to use before building. The key is permanent: every future update must reuse it. Either reuse an existing keystore (ask for its path, alias, and passwords — required when updating a published app) or generate a new one outside the deployable web tree.

2. twa-manifest.json (scripted path) — author it from the authoritative TwaManifest schema. The critical field:

   "horizonOSAppMode": "immersive"   // ← "immersive" for WebXR | "2D" for a 2D panel app
   

   A wrong value is the classic failure mode (Step 0). applicationId = numeric Horizon App ID ("0" builds & sideloads without IAP; set the real id before Store work).

3. Build — update regenerates gradle and bumps version; passwords go via env vars (no password CLI flags exist):

   cd <twa-dir>
   export BUBBLEWRAP_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD=<PW> BUBBLEWRAP_KEY_PASSWORD=<PW>
   bubblewrap update && bubblewrap build
   # → app-release-signed.apk + app-release-bundle.aab
   "$BT/apksigner" verify --print-certs app-release-signed.apk | grep -i SHA-256  # must == keystore
   

4. Digital Asset Links — a TWA "will not launch" if this fails. Host public/.well-known/assetlinks.json on the same domain (and every trusted origin), with the package name and the colon-hex cert SHA-256. Redeploy, then curl https://<DOMAIN>/.well-known/assetlinks.json to confirm.

Security: the keystore and app secret NEVER go to the public host — verify with curl -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" https://<DOMAIN>/android.keystore (expect 404). Back up the keystore.

Full keystore handling, the complete twa-manifest.json template, build verification, and asset-link details are in references/bubblewrap-packaging.md.

Step 5: Upload to the Meta Horizon Store

hzdb / metavr are device-only and cannot upload. Use ovr-platform-util — the same command works for 2D and WebXR builds:

./ovr-platform-util upload-quest-build \
  --app-id <HORIZON_APP_ID> --app-secret <SECRET> \
  --apk app-release-signed.apk \
  --channel ALPHA --age-group MIXED_AGES \
  --notes "…" --disable-progress-bar

Required: --app-id, --apk, --channel, --age-group (TEENS_AND_ADULTS | MIXED_AGES | CHILDREN), and --app-secret or --token. Channels: ALPHA/BETA/RC for testing, STORE for production. Auth is the app's App Secret (Dashboard → app → API tab) or a user token — ask the user, never invent it.

Likely first-time blocker: must first agree to our Developer Distribution Agreement — an org admin must sign it once at https://developer.oculus.com/manage/organizations/<ORG_ID>/legal-documents/. Pause, ask the user, then retry the same command.

See references/store-upload.md for tool download, auth, and the DDA blocker.

Order of Operations

• Decide 2D vs immersive up front (Step 0) — it sets the auto-enter step (Step 1, WebXR-only) and the horizonOSAppMode value (Step 4).
• Manifest + icons must be LIVE before bubblewrap update — it fetches them from <DOMAIN>.
• Asset links must be live before the TWA will launch — on every trusted origin.
• Web-only fixes need only a Vercel redeploy — the installed TWA picks them up on the next launch. Rebuild and re-upload the APK only for native changes (id, name, icon, version, app mode, packaging).

Gotchas

• horizonOSAppMode mismatch is the #1 failure — "2D" set to immersive hangs on a loading screen; "immersive" set to 2D shows a URL bar. Fix the value and rebuild.
• The signing key is permanent — every update must reuse the same keystore, alias, and packageId. A lost keystore means a new app entry. Back it up, and keep it outside the deployable web tree.
• bubblewrap init needs a TTY — agents must use the scripted path (hand-written twa-manifest.json + update + build).
• Auto-enter is immersive-only — never add the launchXR() snippet to a 2D app, and always gate it on getDigitalGoodsService so it doesn't fire in a browser tab.
• getDigitalGoodsService is device-only — auto-enter can't be validated in a desktop browser or emulator; test on the headset.
• Use the canonical Vercel alias — the hashed per-deploy URL returns 401 under deployment protection and can't be used as <DOMAIN>.
• The maskable icon must be full-bleed and opaque — transparency or rounded corners produce visible artifacts after the platform applies its mask.
• Asset links gate launch — a TWA "will not launch" until /.well-known/assetlinks.json is live with a matching package name and cert SHA-256.
• DDA blocks the first upload — only an org admin can sign it; it's the most common first-time upload failure.

References

• App Modes: 2D vs Immersive — decision guide, IWSDK scaffolding, project layout, and the auto-enter-session rationale.
• Vercel Deployment — Vite config, deploy commands, the canonical-vs-hashed URL distinction, and the redeploy-vs-rebuild rule.
• PWA Manifest + Icons — full manifest reference, multi-origin setup, and the sharp icon-generation script.
• Bubblewrap Packaging — keystore handling, twa-manifest.json template, build verification, asset links, and security.
• Store Upload — ovr-platform-util download, auth, the upload command, and the Developer Distribution Agreement blocker.
• Troubleshooting — common failure modes across the whole pipeline and how to fix them.