wallet-cli

USB-based CLI for Ledger wallet flows. Networks: bitcoin, ethereum, solana (mainnet + testnets).

Run from repo root: pnpm --silent wallet-cli start <command> [flags]

Concepts & rationale: for why a command behaves the way it does, or to surface a safety rule that this skill states tersely (genuine check, receive-address verification, sessions, sandbox, device contention), read references/business-logic.md.

Session first: When invoked without a specific task, immediately run session view — do not ask the user what to do first. Show the result, then ask what to do next. If labels exist, skip account discover.

Sandbox: account discover, receive, send, genuine-check, swap execute, ring encrypt, ring decrypt, ring keys, ring destroy must use dangerouslyDisableSandbox: true — the first group is blocked by USB restrictions; the ring commands are blocked by OS keychain access restrictions.

Device contention: Never run two device commands in parallel — they fail with [object Object] or garbled APDU. Run sequentially.

Device readiness: Before running a device command, briefly describe what you're about to do. The CLI prompts for device interaction itself — don't time out or kill the command. Exception: genuine-check exits immediately ([✖] Wrong app. Open Ledger dashboard., exit code 4) if any currency app is open — unlike the other device commands, it targets the dashboard and has no auto-launch path. Ensure the device is on the dashboard before running; if it exits, ask the user to back out to the dashboard and re-run.

Ambiguous requests — ask, don't guess. If a required parameter is missing or unclear (no recipient for send, no network for account discover, an amount with no ticker), stop and ask. A wrong guess on a hardware wallet flow can mean irreversible fund loss.

---

Intent map

Map informal phrasings to commands. Account references use a session label (e.g. ethereum-1).

User says	Command
"show me my wallet", "what do I have", "let's get started", no specific task	session view (run immediately, before asking anything)
"find my accounts", "scan my wallet", "import my wallet", "set up Ethereum/Bitcoin"	account discover <network>
"where do I send funds to", "give me my address", "deposit address"	receive <account>
"how much do I have", "balance", "what's my ETH balance"	balances <account>
"what did I send", "transaction history", "recent activity"	operations <account>
"send X to Y", "transfer", "pay", "withdraw to an exchange"	send <account> --to <address> --amount '<amount> <ticker>'
"swap A to B", "convert", "trade ETH for BTC", "exchange"	swap quote -> swap execute -> swap status
"where can I earn", "staking rates", "yield/APY", "best return on my ETH/SOL"	earn yields [-n <network>]
"what am I staking", "my staking positions", "earn balance"	earn positions <account>
"stake my SOL", "deposit into a vault", "earn yield on my USDC", "delegate"	earn deposit <account> --product <id> --amount '<amount>'
"unstake", "withdraw my stake", "redeem from vault", "stop earning"	earn withdraw <account> …
"is this Ledger real", "verify authenticity", "I bought this off eBay"	genuine-check
"encrypt this file / these env vars / publish tokens", "GPG alternative", "secret manager", "decrypt anywhere with my Ledger"	ring init -> ring encrypt --key <name> / ring decrypt --key <name>
"what keys do I have on my ring", "list domains/projects I've encrypted under"	ring keys
"wipe my key ring", "destroy the ring", "tear down LKRP membership"	ring destroy
"start over", "clear my session", "I switched devices"	session reset

---

Out of scope — say no, don't improvise

If the user asks for any of the following, surface that wallet-cli does not support it yet rather than constructing a command:

• NFTs (mint, transfer, view).
• OpenPGP-compatible output or key-share / multi-recipient encryption (the ring commands encrypt with a per-user Ledger Key Ring, not a sharable key).
• send, receive, operations, or swap execute on testnets and layer 2s (e.g. Base).
• Custom chains not listed in the Networks line above.

---

Session & labels

account discover persists accounts. Each gets a label: <network>[-derivation][-env]-<n> (e.g. ethereum-1, bitcoin-native-1, ethereum-sepolia-1).

All --account flags accept a session label (e.g. ethereum-1). Run account discover first to populate the session.

---

Commands

Command	Device	Sandbox	TTY†	Network
session view	No	No	No	No
session reset	No	No	No	No
account discover	Yes	Required	No	Yes
receive	Yes	Required	No	No
send	Yes*	Required	No	Yes
genuine-check	Yes	Required	No	Yes
balances	No	No	No	Yes
operations	No	No	No	Yes
swap quote	No	No	No	Yes
swap execute	Yes	Required	No	Yes
swap status	No	No	No	Yes
assets token	No	No	No	No
assets token-by-id	No	No	No	No
earn yields	No	No	No	Yes
earn positions	No	No	No	Yes
earn deposit	Yes*	Required	No	Yes
earn withdraw	Yes*	Required	No	Yes
ring init	Yes	Required	Required‡	Yes
ring encrypt	No	Required	No	Yes
ring decrypt	No	Required	No	Yes
ring keys	No	Required	No	No
ring destroy	No	Required	Required‡‡	Yes

*send, earn deposit, and earn withdraw with --dry-run need no device and no sandbox bypass.

†TTY: whether the command requires an interactive terminal for user input.

‡ring init requires a password to protect the ring. WALLET_PASS must already be provided in the environment by the developer/user before the command runs — the agent never sets or injects it (see Non-TTY password injection).

‡‡ring destroy prompts for typed confirmation ("destroy"). Pipe it in non-interactive shells: echo "destroy" | wallet-cli ring destroy. If a password was set, WALLET_PASS must already be present in the environment (provided by the developer, not the agent).

session view / reset

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start session view
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start session reset

account discover

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start account discover ethereum
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start account discover bitcoin
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start account discover ethereum:sepolia

Networks: bitcoin (mainnet), ethereum, solana, ethereum:sepolia, bitcoin:testnet, solana:devnet.

receive

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start receive ethereum-1
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start receive ethereum-1 --no-verify  # skip device confirmation

If the on-screen address differs from the terminal address: do not share or use the address. Have the user disconnect the device and run genuine-check before retrying. See references/business-logic.md § Receive-address verification for context.

genuine-check

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start genuine-check
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start genuine-check --output json  # only if a downstream caller needs to parse the result

Preconditions: device unlocked and on the dashboard (exit any open app); host has internet access (the secure channel reaches Ledger's backend — offline runs fail).

balances

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start balances ethereum-1
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start balances ethereum-1 --output json

operations

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start operations ethereum-1
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start operations ethereum-1 --limit 20 --cursor <cursor>

Pagination: next cursor on stderr (human) or nextCursor in JSON.

send

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start send ethereum-1 --to 0xDEF... --amount '0.5 ETH'
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start send ethereum-1 --to 0xDEF... --amount '100 USDT'  # ERC-20
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start send bitcoin-native-1 --to bc1q... --amount '0.001 BTC' --fee-per-byte 15 --rbf
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start send ethereum-1 --to 0xDEF... --amount '0.5 ETH' --dry-run

Ticker is mandatory in --amount. No --token flag — ticker drives asset resolution.

Bitcoin flags: --fee-per-byte <sats>, --rbf

Solana flags: --mode send|stake.createAccount|stake.delegate|stake.undelegate|stake.withdraw, --validator <addr>, --stake-account <addr>, --memo <text>

EVM flags: --data <hex> — raw calldata for contract calls (0x-prefixed hex, even digit count). Use for contract interactions the CLI has no dedicated command for (e.g. WETH wrap/unwrap below). Omit for plain native/token transfers.

Contract calls with --data (wrap/unwrap example)

Canonical pattern: WETH wrap/unwrap. deposit() (wrap ETH → WETH, no args) is selector 0xd0e30db0, sent with --amount as the ETH value. withdraw(uint256) (unwrap WETH → ETH, one uint256 arg = amount in wei) is selector 0x2e1a7d4d followed by the amount left-padded to 32 bytes.

# wrap 0.5 ETH into WETH
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start send ethereum-1 --to <WETH_CONTRACT_ADDRESS> --amount '0.5 ETH' --data 0xd0e30db0

# unwrap 0.5 WETH back to ETH (0.5 ETH = 500000000000000000 wei = 6f05b59d3b20000 hex, padded to 32 bytes)
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start send ethereum-1 --to <WETH_CONTRACT_ADDRESS> --amount '0 ETH' --data 0x2e1a7d4d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006f05b59d3b20000

Always run with --dry-run first to validate calldata before signing. The CLI cannot verify the semantic correctness of hand-supplied --data — the device screen is the last line of defense, so review the decoded call on-device before approving.

swap quote

Fetches quotes in parallel from the built-in provider list (no device required; addresses are resolved from session accounts).

Currencies: --from / -f and --to / -t are Ledger currency IDs — native assets (e.g. ethereum, bitcoin, solana) or token IDs when the token’s parent chain is a supported native swap currency (same IDs the CLI allows for swap). They are not session account labels — use --from-account / --to-account for accounts.

Default providers queried by swap quote and usable by swap execute: changelly, changelly_v2, cic, cic_v2, exodus, lifi, nearintents, okx, oneinch, swapsxyz, uniswap, velora. Some are CEX/aggregators run through the legacy Exchange-app pipeline; the DEX providers (uniswap, oneinch, velora, okx) execute in the partner's embedded coin app — see swap execute — DEX providers.

Accounts: --from-account and --to-account accept a session label only; the CLI resolves a fresh receive address from the account like receive.

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start swap quote --from ethereum --to bitcoin --amount 0.1 --from-account ethereum-1 --to-account bitcoin-native-1
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start swap quote -f ethereum -t bitcoin --amount 0.1 --from-account ethereum-1 --to-account bitcoin-native-1 --output json

Required: --from, --to, --from-account, --to-account, --amount.

swap execute

Currencies: --from / -f and --to / -t are Ledger currency IDs (same as swap quote): native assets or tokens on an allowed parent chain. They must match the asset of the source --account and of --to-account respectively.

Providers: Valid --provider values are changelly, changelly_v2, cic, cic_v2, exodus, lifi, nearintents, okx, oneinch, swapsxyz, uniswap, velora. Aliases: changelly → changelly_v2, 1inch → oneinch. Use the provider id shown on the quote line you pick from swap quote.

DEX providers (uniswap, oneinch, velora, okx): these run end-to-end in the partner's embedded coin app on the device (via the Device Intent Executor), not the legacy Exchange app. The flow re-fetches a quote for the chosen provider, then drives an on-device approval + swap sequence (sign-approval / sign-permit2 / sign-swap / broadcast), switching device apps as needed — confirm each Open <app> and signing prompt on the device.

• EVM only. DEX execution requires an EVM source account (e.g. ethereum); a non-EVM --account falls through to the legacy pipeline.
• RFQ quotes are not supported in the CLI. If the picked quote resolves to an RFQ plan (rfq-order / approval-then-rfq-order), the embedded flow is skipped and execution falls back to the legacy Exchange-app pipeline (you'll see a falling back to legacy Exchange-app pipeline progress line).

All other providers (changelly, cic, exodus, nearintents, swapsxyz, lifi, …) run the legacy Exchange-app pipeline (nonce → payload → complete exchange → sign/broadcast).

Fee strategy: --fee-strategy accepts slow, medium (default), or fast. On the legacy pipeline it sets the refund-chain transaction fee.

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start swap execute --from ethereum --to bitcoin --account ethereum-1 --to-account bitcoin-native-1 --provider changelly --amount 0.1
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start swap execute -f ethereum -t bitcoin --account ethereum-1 --to-account bitcoin-native-1 --provider changelly --amount 0.1 --fee-strategy fast
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start swap execute --from ethereum --to bitcoin --account ethereum-1 --to-account bitcoin-native-1 --provider changelly --amount 0.1 --output json
# DEX (embedded coin app): EVM-only, source and destination on an EVM chain
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start swap execute --from ethereum --to ethereum/erc20/usd_tether__erc20_ --account ethereum-1 --to-account ethereum-1 --provider uniswap --amount 0.1

Required flags: --from, --to, --account, --to-account, --provider, --amount. Use a --provider value that matches the provider id on the quote line you pick from swap quote.

swap status

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start swap status --swap-id <swapId> --provider changelly
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start swap status --swap-id <swapId> --provider changelly --output json

Required flags: --swap-id, --provider

assets token / token-by-id

Resolve token metadata from the cryptoassets store. No device, no session.

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start assets token ethereum 0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start assets token-by-id ethereum/erc20/usd_tether__erc20_

Use token when you have the contract address; use token-by-id when you have the id. Exits non-zero if not found.

For non-EVM chains pass --identifier.

The id printed here is the same id accepted by swap quote --from / --to and swap execute --from / --to.

ring — Ledger Key Ring (LKRP)

Trustless, hardware-rooted encryption for files and text. The key ring is provisioned once on your Ledger via the Ledger Sync app; afterwards encrypt/decrypt run without the device — keys derive deterministically via HKDF-SHA256 from the LKRP-shared root and never leave AES-256-GCM. encrypt/decrypt still call the LKRP backend to restore the trustchain on each invocation, so network access is required. The ring is recoverable from your seed on any new machine.

# One-time provisioning (device required). Password comes from WALLET_PASS in the environment (see below); name the machine with --name.
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start ring init
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start ring init --name my-laptop

# File round-trip (no device after init):
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start ring encrypt --key my-oss-project -i .publish-tokens -o .publish-tokens.enc
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start ring decrypt --key my-oss-project -i .publish-tokens.enc -o .publish-tokens

# Text via stdin/stdout (clipboard pattern):
pbpaste | pnpm --silent wallet-cli start ring encrypt --key personal-notes | pbcopy
pbpaste | pnpm --silent wallet-cli start ring decrypt --key personal-notes | pbcopy

# List the keys this machine has used; tear down the ring:
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start ring keys
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start ring destroy

Always provision with a password. The ring must be protected by a password. The user provides it via WALLET_PASS in the environment before running ring init (see Non-TTY password injection) — the agent never provisions a ring without one.

Decrypted output is sensitive. ring decrypt emits secrets — never print them to the terminal, cat a decrypted file, or otherwise surface the decrypted contents, since they land in the agent transcript, logs, and scrollback. Pipe decrypt straight to its destination (a file via -o, another process, or the clipboard as shown above) or capture it into an env var; avoid --output/logging sinks that could echo it back.

--key <name> derives a per-name AES-256-GCM key; matching name at decrypt time is mandatory. Names are free-form (max 253 chars, no whitespace) — common patterns: project slugs (my-oss-project), env tags (openClaw-prod), notebooks (personal-notes).

Non-TTY (CI / agentic) password injection: the ring commands read the password from the WALLET_PASS env var when there is no TTY. The password itself must be provisioned by the developer/user (exported in the environment or stored in the OS keychain) — the agent never chooses, types, or otherwise handles the secret value; it only references what the user has already provisioned.

• Never write the password literally into a command (e.g. WALLET_PASS=hunter2 wallet-cli …, or via a flag). A literal leaks into shell history, ps output, CI logs, and — when an agent runs the command — the agent transcript. This applies to throwaway/test passwords too: make it a habit, because the same command shape is reused with a real secret.
• Always inject via command substitution so the secret never appears in the command text you type:
  • macOS : WALLET_PASS=$(security find-generic-password -a default -s ledger-wallet-cli -w) wallet-cli ring encrypt …
  • Linux : WALLET_PASS=$(secret-tool lookup service ledger-wallet-cli account default) wallet-cli ring encrypt …
• Agents must not handle the secret at all. Ask the user to store the password once in their OS keychain, then reference only the $(…) substitution. If a test or ring init needs a password, store a throwaway value in the keychain first (security add-generic-password -a default -s ledger-wallet-cli -w) and inject it the same way — never type the literal into a tool call.
• Even via substitution the value lives in the child process environment (readable via ps eww by the same user) — acceptable, but prefer the keychain form and avoid --output json sinks or logs that could echo it back.

Rotation limitation: the domain key derives from the ring's wallet-sync encryption key, which the LKRP protocol rotates when a ring member is removed. After a rotation, data encrypted before it can no longer be decrypted (decrypt fails with a "wrong key name, corrupted data, or the Ledger Key Ring rotated" error, and the CLI prints a ⚠ Ledger Key Ring rotated warning). Re-encrypt the affected data under the new ring after a member is removed. ring destroy aborts (no changes) if you enter a wrong password, and also if WALLET_PASS is set but empty (a failed keychain lookup) — this is treated as a mistake, not a skip, so it never orphans the remote ring. To intentionally skip the remote teardown and wipe only local credentials, press Enter at the interactive password prompt.

---

earn (staking & DeFi yield)

Earn covers two flows: Ethereum ERC-4626 DeFi vaults (deposit/redeem) and Solana native staking (delegate/undelegate). yields and positions are read-only (no device); deposit and withdraw sign on the device.

Only ethereum & solana support deposit/withdraw. Other networks appear in earn yields (informational) but cannot be deposited to via the CLI.

earn yields

Lists yield opportunities (no device). Without --network it prints every network's headline rate. With -n ethereum or -n solana it also prints the concrete deposit targets, each ending with the exact → --product <id> value to pass to earn deposit:

• ethereum → ERC-4626 vault ids (e.g. 1_0x7daeba3f217614e409f85d3014d33923a6b03630).
• solana → validator vote accounts. The CLI surfaces the Ledger-operated validators ("Ledger by Figment", "Ledger by Bitwise") as the recommended targets; any other valid vote account also works as --product.

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start earn yields
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start earn yields -n solana
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start earn yields -n ethereum --output json

There is no separate "list validators / vaults" command — earn yields -n <network> is how you discover a valid --product. In JSON, the value is the vaultId (ETH) or validator (SOL) field on each row.

earn positions

Lists active earn positions for an account (no device). Account-based networks only (solana, ethereum).

pnpm --silent wallet-cli start earn positions solana-1
pnpm --silent wallet-cli start earn positions solana-1 --fresh   # request a background refresh

--fresh flags stale rows for an async backend refresh; the refreshed data shows up on a re-run, not in the same response. Watch for the (stale) marker.