Game state and loop

Model the game as a small explicit state machine with one owner of the clock. Every transition names its states; behaviour, input, and the interface read the current state rather than a scatter of booleans.

States and transitions

• Enumerate the states — for example ready, playing, paused, over — and make transitions explicit and total. Do not infer state from side effects.
• Gate the simulation on the active state: advance gameplay, timers, and physics only while playing.

Capture input and pause

• Request pointer lock from a user gesture such as a click, never on load. Treat loss of pointer lock and tab blur as a pause: freeze the simulation and the clock, and resume on the next gesture.
• Make pointerlockchange idempotent: when document.pointerLockElement is the canvas, transition ready or paused to playing and leave playing unchanged; only transition playing to paused when the element is no longer the canvas. Never implement it as a toggle. Browsers and automation can both report an already-acquired lock, and a duplicate enter event must not pause the game.
• Clamp the per-frame delta before integrating anything, as build-app requires, so a backgrounded tab or a slow frame cannot inject one large step into movement, cooldowns, or the clock.

Reset

• A reset restores every owned system to its ready values — entities, camera, clock, timers, cooldowns, effects, and overlays — not only the player. Route reset through the same setup the initial state uses, so ready and reset cannot drift apart.
• Transition to ready explicitly before releasing pointer lock. Never derive the reset state from document.pointerLockElement; pointer lock is an input side effect, not the state machine.
• Define timer semantics once and keep them literal in state and snapshots. A field named reload is remaining cooldown time: 0 means ready, firing assigns a positive duration, and the active loop counts it down to exactly 0. Do not expose a normalized readiness value under that name.

Prove the loop

Drive the full cycle with real input: enter play, lose pointer lock and confirm the clock and simulation freeze, resume, reset and confirm every field returns to its ready value, then reach the end state and restart. Read these from the app's own state snapshot, never from console mutation — manufactured state is not evidence.

Choose the authoring surface with the build-app skill and own the loop and lifecycle in the surface that creates the application.