OpenTelemetry Transformation Language (OTTL)

OTTL transforms or selects telemetry inside Collector components. This skill is pinned to collector-contrib v0.160.0. Function, path, default, and feature-gate availability varies by release; when the user's version differs, verify against the matching upstream tag.

Workflow

1. Choose the component. transform rewrites, filter drops, tail_sampling decides whether to retain traces, and routing sends telemetry to pipelines. A component controls its available contexts and functions.
2. Choose the lowest usable context. Lower contexts can read their parents (for example, a span can read resource.attributes), but parents cannot read children. Use datapoint for point attributes instead of traversing metric.data_points.
3. Verify every emitted function, then write the statement. Confirm each function's exact identifier and signature in references/functions.md. If an identifier is absent, treat it as unsupported instead of deriving or substituting a plausible name. An editor such as set or delete_key mutates data and may have a where condition. Converters such as ParseJSON and IsMatch return values; they do not mutate.
4. Set error behavior deliberately. ignore logs statement errors and continues; silent continues without logging; propagate returns the error and can cause the component to drop the payload. In v0.160, transform and filter default to ignore; their stable default-error gates remain registered even though their metadata names v0.159 as the end version. Routing also defaults to ignore while its beta default-error feature gate is enabled. For routing, ignore sends an errored payload to default_pipelines; configure that fallback or the payload is dropped.
5. Verify end to end. Validate the exact Collector version, then send known telemetry and inspect file-exporter output. Use the telemetrygen recipe.

set(span.attributes["env"], "prod") where resource.attributes["env"] == nil

Load only what the task needs

• Contexts — exact paths, hierarchy, enums, and request metadata.
• Functions — editor/converter signatures and release availability.
• Quick reference — component YAML, recipes, escaping, troubleshooting, and safe skeletons.

For a single path or function, read only the relevant section instead of loading the full catalogs.

Safety and correctness gates

• Guard optional or polymorphic input before conversion: where x != nil, IsString(x), or the appropriate type check.
• For JSON-object-only work, guard both the type and shape before calling ParseJSON, for example IsString(log.body) and IsMatch(log.body.string, "(?s)^\\s*\\{.*\\}\\s*$"). The RE2 (?s) flag admits pretty-printed objects containing newlines. Checking IsMap after parsing does not prevent arrays or scalar JSON from being parsed.
• On a version-pinned request, confirm every chosen path and function against that release tag; do not assume a function listed for this skill's v0.160 anchor exists in an older release. For v0.156 JSON-object parsing, ParseJSON, IsString, and IsMatch are available without the v0.157 alpha lambda feature gate.
• Request metadata is read-only and may contain credentials. Copy only explicitly allowlisted, non-sensitive keys. OTLP metadata routing requires include_metadata: true on the receiver. HTTP/client header spelling may retain its form (otelcol.client.metadata["X-Tenant"][0]); gRPC metadata keys are lowercase (otelcol.grpc.metadata["x-tenant"][0]).
• The routing request context is deprecated as of v0.156; use otelcol.client.metadata or otelcol.grpc.metadata.
• Log-record-specific rewrites of shared resource or scope data require flatten_data: true and the alpha transform.flatten.logs gate. This copies and regroups data; do not enable it accidentally.
• In v0.160, set(target, nil) remains a no-op by default. The alpha ottl.set.allowNil gate passes nil to the target instead; target behavior then varies from clearing a value to returning an error. Use a where source != nil guard when the destination must remain unchanged for missing input.
• Hashing an identifier does not necessarily anonymize it. Apply the organization's data-handling policy before retaining deterministic hashes of personal data.

Frequent syntax traps

• In Collector YAML, write an OTTL replacement backreference ${1} as $${1}. A replacement such as $1REDACTED is literal and silently fails to substitute the capture.
• Go RE2 rejects large counted repetitions such as (.{1024}).*; use Substring with a nil/type guard and Len, or truncate_all for a map.
• Current span-event paths use spanevent.*, not span_event.*. Cache paths are context-qualified, such as span.cache["parsed"].
• Quote any OTTL statement containing a map literal when YAML includes a space after :, for example 'set(log.attributes["a"], {"foo": "bar"})'; otherwise YAML parses : as a mapping.
• Since v0.159, polymorphic pcommon.Value paths compare by their underlying type; maps and slices support only equality and inequality, while primitive values also support ordering.
• Use Decode(value, "base64"); Base64Decode is deprecated.
• Regex escapes inside OTTL strings are doubled (\\d, \\s, \\.).

Upstream sources

• OTTL package
• Transform processor
• Filter processor
• Routing connector