Simplified Governance Establishment (约法三章)

Overview

A method for rapidly establishing legitimacy and popular support in newly conquered territories by simplifying the legal code and demonstrating restraint.

Steps

1. Enter the territory with restraint

   • Prohibit looting and violence
   • Seal and guard treasuries and armories
   • Station troops outside population centers

2. Announce simplified laws

   • Abolish the previous regime's harsh legal code
   • Establish only three basic laws:
     • Murderers shall be executed
     • Those who injure others shall be punished accordingly
     • Thieves shall face proportional punishment

3. Maintain existing administration

   • Allow local officials to continue their duties
   • Preserve normal civil operations

4. Demonstrate benevolence

   • Refuse gifts and tribute from the populace
   • Explain that supplies are sufficient
   • Show respect for local customs

5. Announce intentions clearly

   • State that you are there to liberate, not conquer
   • Explain that troops are stationed separately to await allies

Expected Outcomes

• Rapid popular acceptance of new authority
• Reduced resistance and rebellion
• Foundation for stable governance

Historical Context

Used by Liu Bang (Gaozu) when entering Xianyang, the Qin capital, winning the support of the Qin people.

Validation

1. Confirm that previous harsh laws have been explicitly abolished and only three basic laws remain in effect
2. Verify that local officials continue in their existing roles and civil operations are uninterrupted
3. Check that troops are stationed outside population centers and no looting or tribute extraction has occurred